The P-value (probability value) is a number between 0 and 1 that shows how likely the observed results are if the null hypothesis (H₀) is true.
Data in Research is the foundation of every study. Without data, no analysis, interpretation, or conclusion can be made. Whether in biology, medicine, social sciences, or business research, data provides the evidence that supports or rejects a hypothesis.
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy, also called Vibrational Spectroscopy, is an analytical technique that studies the interaction of infrared radiation with matter.
NMR Spectroscopy (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy) is one of the most advanced and widely used analytical techniques in modern chemistry and biology.
Paper Chromatography (PC) is a form of planar chromatography where the separation takes place on a specialized filter paper. Learn its definition, principle, types, steps, Rf values, applications, advantages, and limitations in detail.
Gamma-ray spectroscopy (GRS) is a technique that measures the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by a radioactive sample. By analyzing this spectrum, scientists can identify and quantify specific isotopes present in the material.
Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC), also known as Size Exclusion Chromatography, is a separation technique used to isolate biomolecules based on size. Learn its principle, parts, steps, types, uses, advantages, and limitations in detail.
Spectroscopy is the study of how matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation (light, X-rays, gamma rays, etc.). This interaction can involve absorption, emission, or scattering of radiation. By studying these processes, scientists can obtain valuable information about the composition, structure, and properties of substances.
Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), also known as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) or Electron Magnetic Resonance (EMR), is a powerful spectroscopic technique used to study materials with unpaired electrons.
An Analytical Balance is a highly sensitive laboratory instrument designed to measure the mass of substances with extreme accuracy. It is a Class II balance often referred to as a laboratory balance, capable of measuring solid, liquid, granular substances, or powders.