Flow Cytometry – Definition, Principle, Steps, Types, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Flow Cytometry – Definition, Principle, Steps, Types, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Flow cytometry is a powerful analytical technique widely used in biology, medicine, and research labs to study cells and particles in a fluid suspension.

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) – Principle, Procedure, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) – Principle, Procedure, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) is a laboratory technique used to separate proteins and nucleic acids based on their size and charge by making them move through a polyacrylamide gel under electricity.

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) – Definition, Principle, Steps, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) – Definition, Principle, Steps, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) is an advanced laboratory technique used to separate very large DNA molecules. Unlike standard gel electrophoresis, PFGE can separate DNA fragments greater than 50 kilobase pairs (kbp) up to several megabase pairs (Mb).

Micropipette – Definition, Types, Parts, Working, Applications, Errors, Calibration & Limitations

Micropipette – Definition, Types, Parts, Working, Applications, Errors, Calibration & Limitations

A micropipette is a laboratory instrument designed to measure and transfer very small volumes of liquid (in microliters, µL) accurately and precisely. It is essential for experiments in molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical sciences.