The main differences between somatic and germ cells is their function and role in reproduction. Somatic cells are the body cells that make up the tissues and organs of an organism and are involved in growth, repair, and maintenance. Germ cells, on the other hand, are specialized cells that give rise to gametes (sperm and egg cells) and are involved in sexual reproduction.
The main differences between dominant and recessive alleles is how they affect the expression of a trait. A dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present (heterozygous condition), while a recessive allele is only expressed when two copies are present (homozygous condition).
The main differences between a chromosome and a chromatid lies in their structure and role during cell division. A chromosome is a single, condensed DNA molecule containing genetic information. Before cell division, each chromosome is replicated, resulting in two identical copies. Chromatid refers to one of these identical copies of the chromosome.
The main differences between haploid and diploid cells lies in the number of chromosome sets they contain. Haploid cells have a single set of chromosomes (n), whereas diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes (2n)
The main differences between Polytene and Lampbrush chromosomes is that polytene chromosomes are mainly found in somatic cells and are used for gene mapping, while lampbrush chromosomes are associated with meiotic cells and transcriptional activity.
The main difference between Genotype and Phenotype is that Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all of its genes and genetic information inherited from its parents whereas Phenotype is the observable physical and biochemical characteristics of an organism, such as its appearance, behavior, and physiological traits.