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When an object moves in a circular path, two important forces come into play — centripetal force and centrifugal force. Centripetal force is a real force that pulls an object towards the center of its circular path. Centrifugal force is a fictitious (pseudo) force that seems to push an object outward, away from the center.
The Bunsen burner is one of the most common and essential pieces of laboratory equipment. It produces a controlled, smokeless, non-luminous flame used for heating, sterilization, and combustion in various scientific experiments.
Pipettes are laboratory instrument used to measure and transfer small volumes of liquid with high accuracy. Pipettes are essential in biology, chemistry, medical research, food analysis, and biotechnology. They come in different types—glass, plastic, and electronic—and range in capacity from a few microliters (µL) to several milliliters (mL).
A centrifuge is an essential piece of laboratory equipment used to separate mixtures of liquids, or solids suspended in liquids, based on differences in density. It operates by spinning samples at high speeds, creating a centrifugal force that pushes denser particles outward and lighter particles inward.
Learn the differences between primary data and secondary data in biology with definitions, examples, advantages, disadvantages, and research tips.
Adsorption chromatography is a type of liquid-solid or gas-solid chromatography where compounds are separated based on how strongly they bind (adsorb) to a solid surface.
Learn the key differences between quantitative and qualitative data in biology with definitions, examples, methods, pros & cons, and research tips.
Learn about affinity chromatography, its principle, components, procedure, types, applications, advantages, and limitations in biology and biotechnology.
Learn about chromatography, its principle, types, steps, and applications in biology, research, pharmaceuticals, food safety, and forensic science.
Learn about PCR machines (Thermal Cyclers), their principle, parts, steps, types, and real-world applications in research, medicine, forensics, and food safety.