The main differences between somatic and germ cells is their function and role in reproduction. Somatic cells are the body cells that make up the tissues and organs of an organism and are involved in growth, repair, and maintenance. Germ cells, on the other hand, are specialized cells that give rise to gametes (sperm and egg cells) and are involved in sexual reproduction.
The main differences between dominant and recessive alleles is how they affect the expression of a trait. A dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype even if only one copy is present (heterozygous condition), while a recessive allele is only expressed when two copies are present (homozygous condition).
The main differences between a chromosome and a chromatid lies in their structure and role during cell division. A chromosome is a single, condensed DNA molecule containing genetic information. Before cell division, each chromosome is replicated, resulting in two identical copies. Chromatid refers to one of these identical copies of the chromosome.
The main differences between endocytosis and exocytosis is that endocytosis involves the intake of materials into the cell by engulfing them in vesicles, while exocytosis involves the release of materials from the cell by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane.
The main differences between bacteria and virus is that bacteria are single-celled, living organisms that can survive and reproduce independently, while viruses are non-living infectious particles that require a host cell to replicate.
The main differences between haploid and diploid cells lies in the number of chromosome sets they contain. Haploid cells have a single set of chromosomes (n), whereas diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes (2n)
Plant cell and animal cell differ primarily in their structure and organization. Plant cells are distinguished by their rigid cellulose cell wall, large central vacuole, and presence of chloroplasts for photosynthesis, while animal cells lack these features and instead have a flexible cell membrane, multiple small vacuoles, and specialized structures like centrioles for cell division.