Learn about affinity chromatography, its principle, components, procedure, types, applications, advantages, and limitations in biology and biotechnology.
Learn about chromatography, its principle, types, steps, and applications in biology, research, pharmaceuticals, food safety, and forensic science.
Learn about PCR machines (Thermal Cyclers), their principle, parts, steps, types, and real-world applications in research, medicine, forensics, and food safety.
Class 12 Biology Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organisms with detailed notes! Includes NCERT-aligned explanations, diagrams of binary fission & pollination, and key concepts like asexual/sexual reproduction, fertilization, and embryogenesis. Perfect for CBSE board exams and NEET preparation.
Mycoplasma are the smallest known free-living organisms without a cell wall. They are unicellular, prokaryotic (Gram -ve), and independently replicating (i.e., they contain metabolic machinery to grow and multiply in the absence of other cells, thus showing autonomous growth).
Report writing is a systematic and well-organized presentation of facts and findings about an event or study. It explains something observed, heard, done, or investigated, often after an in-depth study.
Data processing and analysis involve summarizing and organizing collected data to answer research questions. It involves editing, coding, classification, and tabulation to convert raw data into meaningful information.
In Research Methodology, Sampling is a process in which a predetermined number of observations are taken from a larger population.
Research is a continuous activity in most disciplines and professions. It helps in critical assessment of work, policy execution, and instruction.
Water Vascular System is a unique system of echinoderms which helps mainly in locomotion. It is in fact a modified part of coelom consisting of a system of canals containing sea water and amoeboid corpuscles.