Gas Chromatography (GC) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify compounds that can exist in the gaseous phase.
A pH meter is a modern electronic device that measures hydrogen ion concentration in a solution and displays it directly as a pH value.
A Laminar Flow Hood (also called Laminar Flow Cabinet) is a special enclosed workstation designed to maintain a contamination-free environment in laboratories.
Hot Air Oven is a laboratory sterilization equipment based on dry heat. Learn its principle, parts, types, working steps, applications in microbiology, advantages, limitations, and safety precautions.
Learn about the major instruments used in microbiology labs, including their principles, working, and applications. Covers autoclave, microscope, centrifuge, spectrophotometer, incubator, pH meter, laminar hood, and more.
Ion Exchange Chromatography is a powerful separation technique based on charge differences of molecules. Learn the principle, types of exchangers, instrumentation, working steps, applications, advantages, and limitations of ion exchange chromatography.
Learn the difference between null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis with definitions, symbols, examples, importance, and applications in biology research.
A bioreactor is a specialized vessel used for biological reactions and fermentation processes. It provides a controlled environment where microorganisms, plant cells, or animal cells can grow and produce useful products like antibiotics, enzymes, organic acids, and biofuels.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques in modern laboratories. It helps to separate, identify, and quantify different components of a mixture with high accuracy and efficiency.
A questionnaire is a structured set of questions designed to gather specific information from individuals or groups. It can be used in field surveys, experiments, population studies, and public opinion research. In biology-related research, questionnaires can be used to collect data on public awareness of conservation, health behaviors in communities, or local biodiversity knowledge.