Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) – Definition, Principle, Instrumentation, Steps, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) – Definition, Principle, Instrumentation, Steps, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), also called Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) or Gel Filtration Chromatography, is a powerful separation technique widely used in biochemistry, biotechnology, and polymer science.

ANOVA in Research Methodology – Definition, Types, Table, Examples, and Applications

ANOVA in Research Methodology – Definition, Types, Table, Examples, and Applications

ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) is a statistical method used to compare the means of three or more groups and determine whether there are significant differences among them.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) – Principle, Instrumentation, Working, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) – Principle, Instrumentation, Working, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), also known as Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) or Electron Magnetic Resonance (EMR), is a powerful spectroscopic technique used to study materials with unpaired electrons.

Chi-square Test in Research Methodology – Definition, Formula, Uses, and Examples

Chi-square Test in Research Methodology – Definition, Formula, Uses, and Examples

Learn the Chi-square test in research methodology with formula, types, conditions, examples, and FAQs. Easy guide for biology and health research.

Analytical Balance – Definition, Principle, Parts, Types, Working, Applications, Advantages & Precautions

Analytical Balance – Definition, Principle, Parts, Types, Working, Applications, Advantages & Precautions

An Analytical Balance is a highly sensitive laboratory instrument designed to measure the mass of substances with extreme accuracy. It is a Class II balance often referred to as a laboratory balance, capable of measuring solid, liquid, granular substances, or powders.

Independent and Dependent Variables in Research Methodology – Definition, Examples, and Key Differences

Independent and Dependent Variables in Research Methodology – Definition, Examples, and Key Differences

Learn the difference between independent and dependent variables with definitions, examples, types, and FAQs. Easy guide for students and biology research.

Colony Counter – Definition, Principle, Types, Parts, Working, Applications, Advantages & Examples

Colony Counter – Definition, Principle, Types, Parts, Working, Applications, Advantages & Examples

A colony counter is a device used to count bacterial, fungal, or other microorganism colonies that grow on solid culture plates. It is widely used in microbiology, food industries, pharmaceuticals, environmental labs, and clinical diagnostics.

Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) – Definition, Classes, Working, Applications, Advantages & Precautions

Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs) – Definition, Classes, Working, Applications, Advantages & Precautions

Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs), also called biosafety cabinets or microbiological safety cabinets, are enclosed ventilated laboratory workspaces designed to protect personnel, samples, and the environment from biohazardous materials.

Vortex Mixer – Definition, Principle, Parts, Types, Working, Applications, Advantages & Precautions

Vortex Mixer – Definition, Principle, Parts, Types, Working, Applications, Advantages & Precautions

A vortex mixer (also called vortexer) is a small, simple, yet very useful laboratory device designed for mixing liquids quickly and efficiently. It works by creating a vortex (whirlpool-like motion) in the liquid, which ensures thorough mixing of contents.

Homogenizer – Principle, Parts, Types, Working, Procedure, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

Homogenizer – Principle, Parts, Types, Working, Procedure, Applications, Advantages & Limitations

A homogenizer is a very important laboratory and industrial instrument used for preparing uniform mixtures and suspensions. The term “homogenize” literally means “to make the same throughout.” In science, technology, and industries, many processes require samples to be broken down, mixed, or dispersed in such a way that every portion of the mixture has the same composition.