Two of the most common mistakes in research are Type I error and Type II error. This article explains what Type I and Type II errors are, their causes, probabilities, differences, and real-life examples in simple, clear language.
A colorimeter is a laboratory instrument used in colorimetry to measure how much light a solution absorbs or transmits. It helps determine the concentration of colored compounds in a solution by comparing it with a standard reference solution.
An ultracentrifuge is a highly advanced centrifuge that operates at extremely high speeds (60,000–150,000 rpm). It is used to separate very small biological and chemical molecules that cannot be separated by regular centrifuges.
A micropipette is a laboratory instrument designed to measure and transfer very small volumes of liquid (in microliters, µL) accurately and precisely. It is essential for experiments in molecular biology, microbiology, biochemistry, and pharmaceutical sciences.
A laboratory incubator is a heated, insulated chamber designed to provide a controlled environment for the growth, storage, and preservation of biological cultures such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and mammalian cells.
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a simple, quick, and effective technique used to separate and identify the components of a mixture. It is performed on a plate coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material (e.g., silica gel, alumina, or cellulose) which acts as the stationary phase.
UV-Vis Spectroscopy (Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy) is a widely used analytical technique that studies how a sample absorbs or transmits ultraviolet (190–400 nm) and visible light (400–800 nm). It is also called absorption spectroscopy or reflectance spectroscopy.
A spectrophotometer is a scientific instrument used to measure how much light a sample absorbs. It is mainly used to determine the concentration of solutes in a solution.
Gas Chromatography (GC) is a powerful analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify compounds that can exist in the gaseous phase.
A Laminar Flow Hood (also called Laminar Flow Cabinet) is a special enclosed workstation designed to maintain a contamination-free environment in laboratories.